人工智能法律

[heading4](1)纳入道德伦理和人权考量的以风险为基准的统一人工智能治此外，伦理道德和人权向来都是人工智能技术发展绕不开的终极话题。其高度概括性、抽象性和不确定性，导致如何将这部分内容融入人工智能治理考验着立法者的立法技术。而以风险为基准的人工智能治理框架提供了其中一种解决方案。《人工智能法案》将人工智能系统对伦理道德和基本人权的影响有机纳入规制框架和评估框架中，对相关责任主体的义务配置和履行起着决定性的作用。实际上，我国《科技伦理审查办法(试行)》也是将伦理纳入包括人工智能开发在内的科技活动的积极探索。伦理审查委员会的审查结果也能够阻止违反道德伦理科技活动的开展。不过由于该《办法》适用于所有的科技活动，人工智能的特殊性可能无从得到体现。另外，应如何界定和解释“不可接受的风险”和“高风险”的人工智能系统也面临相当大的不确定性和模糊性。[26]https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/2107/2107.03721.pdf人工智能系统会带来的问题，具体取决于使用它们的人、地点和目的。在一定程度上可能难以统一进行风险分类。[27]https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12027-022-00725-6《人工智能法案》虽然通过举例的方式帮助解释和澄清，但仍可能无法应对快速发展变化的人工智能系统。因而以风险为基准的人工智能管理框架究竟成效如何仍有待进一步的观望和研讨。

(a)demonstrate through appropriate design,testing and analysis the identification,the reduction and mitigation of reasonably foreseeable risks to health,safety,fundamental rights,the environment and democracy and the rule of law prior and throughout development with appropriate methods such as with the involvement of independent experts,as well as the documentation of remaining non-mitigable risks after development(b)process and incorporate only datasets that are subject to appropriate data governance measures for foundation models,in particular measures to examine the suitability of the data sources and possible biases and appropriate mitigation(c)design and develop the foundation model in order to achieve throughout its lifecycle appropriate levels of performance,predictability,interpretability,corrigibility,safety and cybersecurity assessed through appropriate methods such as model evaluation with the involvement of independent experts,documented analysis,and extensive testing during conceptualisation,design,and development;(d)design and develop the foundation model,making use of applicable standards to reduce energy use,resource use and waste,as well as to increase energy efficiency,and the overall efficiency of the system,whithoutprejudice to relevant existing Union and national law.This obligation shall not apply before the standards referred to in Article 40 are published.Foundation models shall be designed with capabilities enabling the measurement and logging of the consumption of energy and resources,and,where technically feasible,other environmental impact the deployment and use of the systems may have over their entire lifecycle;(e)draw up extensive technical documentation and intelligible instructions for use,in order to enable the downstream providers to comply with their obligations pursuant to Articles 16 and 28(1);.(f)establish a quality management system to ensure and document compliance with this Article,with the possibility to experiment in fulfilling this requirement,