以下是 AI 领域的一些最新发展和大事件:
此外,在法律法规方面,《促进创新的人工智能监管方法》指出:AI 概念并非新事物,但数据生成和处理方面的近期进展改变了该领域及其产生的技术。AI 已在许多领域带来重大进步和效率提升,如交通监控、银行账户欺诈检测、工业中的大规模安全关键实践、新药发现和应对气候变化的技术等。随着 AI 变得更强大,创新者探索新的使用方式,将有更多应用出现,其具有巨大的增长潜力和创造就业的能力。同时,也对 AI 特定风险及其潜在危害进行了初步评估,并提及了一些交叉的高级风险。
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1.22.The concept of AI is not new,but recent advances in data generation and processing have changed the field and the technology it produces.For example,while recent developments in the capabilities of generative AI models have created exciting opportunities,they have also sparked new debates about potential AI risks.39 As AI research and development continues at pace and scale,we expect to see even greater impact and public awareness of AI risks.402.23.We know that not all AI risks arise from the deliberate action of bad actors.Some AI risks can emerge as an unintended consequence or from a lack of appropriate controls to ensure responsible AI use.413.24.We have made an initial assessment of AI-specific risks and their potential to cause harm,with reference in our analysis to the values that they threaten if left unaddressed.These values include safety,security,fairness,privacy and agency,human rights,societal well-being and prosperity.4.25.Our assessment of cross-cutting AI risk identified a range of high-level risks that our framework will seek to prioritise and mitigate with proportionate interventions.For example,safety risks include physical damage to humans and property,as well as damage to mental health.42 AI38 Intelligent security tools,National Cyber Security Centre,2019.39 What is generative AI,and why is it suddenly everywhere?,Vox,2023.40 See,for example,The Benefits and Harms of Algorithms,The Digital Regulation Cooperation Forum,2022;Harms of AI,Acemoglu,2021.41 AI Accidents:An Emerging Threat,Center for Security and Emerging Technology,2021.42 AI for radiographic COVID-19 detection selects shortcuts over signal,DeGrave,Janizek and Lee,2021;Pathways:How digital design puts children at risk,5Rights Foundation,2021.
1.19.AI is already delivering major advances and efficiencies in many areas.AI quietly automates aspects of our everyday activities,from systems that monitor traffic to make our commutes smoother,17 to those that detect fraud in our bank accounts.18 AI has revolutionised large-scale safety-critical practices in industry,like controlling the process of nuclear fusion.19 And it has also been used to accelerate scientific advancements,such as the discovery of new medicine20 or the technologies we need to tackle climate change.212.20.But this is just the beginning.AI can be used in a huge variety of settings and has the extraordinary potential to transform our society and economy.22 It could have as much impact as electricity or the internet,and has been identified as one of five critical technologies in the UK Science and Technology Framework.23 As AI becomes more powerful,and as innovators explore new ways to use it,we will see more applications of AI emerge.As a result,AI has a huge potential to drive growth24 and create jobs.25 It will support people to carry out their existing jobs,by helping to improve workforce efficiency and workplace safety.26 To remain world leaders in AI,attract global talent and create high-skilled jobs in the UK,we must create a regulatory environment where such innovation can thrive.3.21.Technological advances like large language models(LLMs)are an indication of the transformative developments yet to come.27 LLMs provide substantial opportunities to transform the economy and society.For example,LLMs can automate the process of writing code and17 Transport apps like Google Maps,and CityMapper,use AI.18 Artificial Intelligence in Banking Industry:A Review on Fraud Detection,Credit Management,and Document Processing,ResearchBerg Review of Science and Technology,2018.19 Accelerating fusion science through learned plasma control,Deepmind,2022;Magnetic control of tokamak plasmas through deep reinforcement learning,Degrave et al.,2022.